SECTION 1
1. Answer: Hardie
2. Answer: 19
3. Answer: GT8 2LC
4. Answer: hairdresser
5. Answer: dentist / dentist’s
6. Answer: lighting
7. Answer: trains
8. Answer: safe
9. Answer: shower
10. Answer: training
SECTION 2
11. Answer: A. local people.
- Here’s what the speaker says: “Good morning. I’m very pleased to have this opportunity to say a little about two exciting new developments in the city: the Brackenside Open-Air Swimming Pool and the children’s Adventure Playrground in Central Park. As many of you may know, the idea of these initiatives came from you, the public, in the extensive consultation exercise which the City Council conducted last year. And they have been realised using money from the SWRDC – the South West Regional Development Commission.”
- Here are the key words that help you to get the correct answer (A):
- new developments = initiatives
- local people = the public
- Explanation: We have to pay attention from when the speaker mentions “new developments” and “the idea”. “Initiatives” are refered as “new developments”, and they came from the public, which has the same meaning as local people. The City Council is mentioned as the organization which conducted the consultation exercise for the idea, and that is funded by the SWRDC. It has to be noted that more than one answer is mentioned in the script, so students should be cautious and pay attention to the verb as well, not only the subjects mentioned.
12. Answer: C. its method of water treatment
- Here’s what the speaker says: “For the design of this new heated pool, we were very happy to secure the talents of internationally renowned architect Ellen Wendon, who has managed to combine a charming 1930s design, which fits in so well with many of the other buildings in the area, with up-to-the-minute features such as arecycling system – the only one of its kind in the world – which enables seawater to be used in the pool.”
- Here are the key words that help you get the correct answer (C)
- unusual = the only one of its kind
- water treatment = enable seawater to be used in the pool
- Explanation: In this part, the speaker mentions the renowned architect and her design for the pool. However, its design is mentioned as a good design which fits in so well with other buildings. There is no information about its design being unique or unusual. The speaker also says nothing about the heating system of the pool. Therefore, A and B are not the correct answer. Meanwhile, the speaker mentions one of modern features of the pool, – the recycling system – which allows seawater to be used in the pool, and claims it is the only one of its kind in the world, which means it is unique or unusual. Water treatment means the way you deal with the water, and here it is the use of seawater in the pool. The answer is C.
13. Answer: C. the size of the facilities
- Here’s what the speaker says: “Now,there has been quite a bit of discussion in the local press about whether there would be enough room for the number of visitors we’re hoping to attract, but the design is deceptive and there have been rigorous checks about capacity. Also, just in case youwere wondering, we’re on schedule for a June 15th opening date and well within budget; a testimony to the excellent work of local contractors Hickman’s.”
- Here are key words that help you get the correct answer (C)
- local newspapers = local press
- worries = discussion
- the size of the facilities = enoughroom, capacity
- Explanation: The speaker claims that the local press is now discussing whether there would be enough room for visitors, which means they are worried about the size or the capacity of the facilities there. Later, he refers to the opening date and states that they’re going well within budget, which means there is no problem or change in cost of the project. The project is ‘on schedule’, so it is not late and will open at the date announced. Hence, A and B are not the correct answer. It is C that is the answer.
14. Answer: A. whose statue will be at the door
- Here’s what the speaker says: We hope that as many people as possible will be there on June 15th. We have engaged award-winning actress Coral White to declare the pool open and there’ll be drinks and snacks available at the pool side. There’ll also be a competition for the public to decide on the sculpture we plan to have at the entrance; you will decide which famous historical figure from the city we should have.
- Here are key words that help you get the correct answer (A)
- statue = sculpture
- door = entrance
- to open = to declare the pool open
- to make a decision = to decide on
- Explanation: The speaker announces the opening day, which is on June 15th, but he doesn’t mention anything about the exact opening times, so B is not the answer. They also have an actress to declare the pool open, which means she will be the one who opens it. So who will open it is decided already. C is not the answer. The speaker then mentions a competition to find out which famous historical figure of the city will be used to make the sculpture at the entrance, which refers to the door. They haven’t had the result, so it is not decided yet. A is the correct answer.
15. Answer: E
The first area to be mentioned is Asia. It is represented by equipment in the shape of several animals which are “native to the forests of the region” – their habitat is forests in Asia, so they are local animals. E is the answer for question 15
16. Answer: F
We need to pay attention each time the speaker mentions an area. The next is the Antartic. The speaker mentions the option of making an ice rink but it is not possible because he says “couldn’t”. Therefore, ice and snow is not the answer here. Instead, they made “climbing blocks in the shape of mountains”. Therefore, mountains (F) is the answer for question 16. Students should take note of the verb “opt”, which means “make a choice from a range of possibilities”, so what is behind this verb often is the final and most important information we are looking for.
17. Answer: D
When it comes to South America, the speaker mentions “precious stones”, which refers to jewels (precious stones that are used to decorate valuable objects). Therefore, the answer for question 17 is D
18. Answer: H
What the speaker says about North America may confuse students. He claims that cinema and jazz (which are the same as music and film) were “considered”, which means they were taken into account but not necessarily the final choice. What we are looking for is the final decision, and that final decision is “rockets and the International Space Station” (which refers to “space travel”). Again, we need to pay attention to the verb “opt for”. The answer for question 18 is H.
19. Answer: A
Regarding Europe, the speaker mentions “medieval castles and other fortifications”. “Medieval” is related to the Middle Ages (= the period in European history from about AD 600 to AD 1500).Therefore, they are castles and other fortifications from ancient times. A is the answer for question 19.
20. Answer: B
The last area which is mentioned is Africa. Great rivers there are represented by mosaics and trails, therefore waterways is related to this area. B is the correct answer for question 20.
SECTION 3
21-22. Answer: B. climbing, C. collecting
23-24. Answer: B. to experience an isolated place, E. to study the impact of an extreme environment
25. Answer: A. the fact that Eastern countries were far away
- Here’s what the speakers say:
- Up until that time of course, academics had believed that humans first migrated to the islands in Polynesia from Asia, in the west.
- Yes, they thought that travel from the east was impossible, because of the huge, empty stretch of ocean that lies between the islands and the nearest inhabited land.
- Yes, but H spent ages studying the cloud movements, ocean currents and wind patterns to find if it was actually possible. And another argument was that there was no tradition for large ship-building in the communities lying to the east of Polynesia. But H knew they made lots of voyages in locally built canoes.
- Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (A)
- Polynesian migration from the east = humans migrate to the islands in Polynesia/ travel from the east
- far away = the huge, empty stretch of ocean
- the direction of the winds and currents = ocean currents and wind patterns
- boat-building = ship-building
- due to = because of
- Explanation: In the above dialogue, Victor claims that academics thought it was impossible due to the huge, empty stretch of ocean. Stretch means “a continuous area of a land or water” (here it is the ocean), which refers to a huge distance between the islands and the nearest land. Therefore, the answer for this is due to the fact that Eastern countries were far away. Later the two speakers mention ocean currents and wind patterns (which refer to the direction of the winds and currents), and things related to materials for building the ship, but they are only factors that were taken into consideration in later studies. They are not the main reason which made academics assume the migration was impossible. Therefore, A is the answer.
26. Answer: C. to test a new theory
- Here’s what the speakers say:
- Yes, or sailing on rafts, as shown by the long voyage that H did next. It was an incredibly risky journey to undertake – sometimes I wonder if he did that trip for private reasons, you know? To show others that he could have spectacular adventures. What do you think, Olivia?
- I think it was more a matter of simply trying out his idea, to see if migration from the east was possible.
- Yes, that’s probably it. And the poor guy suffered a bit at that time because the war forced him to stop his work for some years…
- Here are some key words that help you get the correct answer (C)
- to test = to try out
- new theory = idea
- Explanation: At first, the speaker Victor suggests a private reason which is that H did that trip to show others that he could have spectacular adventures. This is the same as to demonstrate a personal quality. However, the question is about a main reason on which both speakers agree, meanwhile Olivia doesn’t agree with it and suggests another reason. Therefore, B is not the correct answer. Olivia thinks the main reason is just simply trying out his idea, which we can understand as to test a new theory, and Victor agreed by saying “Yes, that’s probably it”. This speaker also mentions a research setback which is the war, but it is just a minor factor stopping H’s research for some years. Hence, the answer we are looking for is C.
27. Answer: C. the use of authentic construction methods
- Here’s what the speakers say:
- When he got started again and planned his epic voyage, do you think it was important to him that he achieve it before anyone else did?
- I haven’t read anywhere that that was his motivation. The most important factor seems to have been that he use only ancient techniques and local materials to build his raft.
- Yes, I wonder how fast it went.
- Here are some key words that help you get the correct answer (C)
- the first person to do it = he achieve it before anyone else did
- authentic = ancient and local
- methods = techniques
- construction = build
- Explanation: The speaker Olivia suggests a possible reason, which is H being the first person to do it. However, it is just a suggestion from her, students have to pay attention to the next answer of the other speaker. And Victor denies it, so A is not the correct answer. Victor thinks the most important factor is the fact that H use only authentic methods and materials, and the other speaker agreed by saying “yes”. She wonders how fast it went, which refers to the speed of the journey, but it is not one of the important factors considered. Thererfore, the answer is C.
28. Answer: A. to build a stone statue
- Here’s what the speakers say:
- We should mention the purpose of that trip. I think he sailed there in a boat made out of reeds.
- No, that was later on in Egypt, Olivia.
- Oh, yes, that’s right.
- But what he wanted to do was talk to the local people about their old stone carvings and then make one himself to learn more about the process.
- Here are some key words that help you get the correct answer (A)
- build = make
- stone statue = stone carving
- Explanation: This is a why question, which means we have to look for a reason why or the purpose/ aim of H doing that trip, therefore we have to pay more attention when the speakers mention “the purpose”. Olivia mentions a reed boat, which is in answer B. However, Victor points out that H uses a reed boat only later on in another trip. Hence, B is not the answer. He claims that H wanted to make old stone carvings himself after talking to local people, which means the purpose of that trip is to make a stone statue, so A is the correct answer. We need to be cautious when the speaker mentions H talking to local people, students may think learning the local language is his aim, but actually it is not. He wants to talk to local people to find out how to build a stone statue.
29. Answer: B. the development of archaeological methodology.
- Here’s what the speakers say: “Well, what a great life. Even though many of his theories have been disproven, he certainly left a lasting impression on many disciplines, didn’t he? To my mind, he was the first person to establish what modern academics call practical archaeology. I mean, that they try to recreate something from the past today, like he did with his raft trip. It’s unfortunate that his ideas about where Polynesians orginated from have been completely discredited.”
- Here are some key words to help you get the correct answer (B)
- in one’s opinion = to one’s mind
- great influence = lasting impression
- Explanation: The question is about Olivia’s opinion, so we need to focus on what she says when she starts saying “to my mind”, because they have the same meaning. Before that, she mentions that H’s theories have been proved wrong. A is not the correct answer. Instead, she claims that he was the first person to establish practical archaeology, not archaeology as an academic subject. Trying to recreate something from the past influenced the methods of archaeologists. Therefore, B is the answer.
30. Answer: A. its style is out of date
- Here’s what the speakers say
- I mainly used The Life and Work of Thor Heyerdahl by William Oliver. I thought the research methods he used were very sound, although I must say I found the overall tone somewhat old-fashioned, I think they need to do a new, revised edition.
- Here are some key words that can help you to get the correct answer (A)
- methodology = research methods
- style = tone
- out of date = old-fashioned
- Explanation: At first, the speaker tells us his opinion about the research methods of Oliver, and he thinks they are very sound, which means complete and able to be trusted. Therefore, C is not the answer (because in the answer C, it is believed that its research methods are flawed – flawed means not perfect or containing mistakes). Then, he can’t deny that he found the overall tone, which refers to the style used in that book, somewhat old-fashioned (which has the same meaning as “out-of-date”). There is no information about its content. Hence, A is the correct answer.
SECTION 4
31. Answer: competition
- Here’s what the speaker says: “One area I want to mention is business markets, and I’m sure a really significant development will be a major increase in competition, with companies from all round the world trying to sell similar products”
- Here are the key words that help you to get the correct answer (competition):
- greater = a major increase
- Explanation: the speaker makes clear that the subject is business markets, and refers to a significant future development, which will be more competition. The answer is competition.
32. Answer: global
- Here’s what the speaker says: “At the same time, mergers and takeovers mean that governments are actually losing power to major global corporations. We can probably all think of companies that exert a great deal of influence….”
- Here are the key words that help you to get the correct answer (global):
- large = major
- companies = corporations
- Explanation: the power of governments is decreasing, because the power of major global corporations is increasing, so the answer is global.
33. Answer: demand
- Here’s what the speaker says: “A third point I want to make is about markets is that in the rapidly expanding economies, such as India, China, Brazil and Russia, demand is growing very fast”
- Here are the key words that help you to get the correct answer (demand):
- rising = growing
- Explanation: the question mentions ‘certain countries’, and these are named by the speaker. In these expanding economies, demand for products is rising/growing. So, the answer is demand.
34. Answer: customers
- Here’s what the speaker says: “I think businesses are becoming more open to external influences. In particular, companies are consulting customers more and more before making their business decisions. Companies are finding out what they want and providing it, instead of making products and then trying to sell them….”
- Here are the key words that help you to get the correct answer (customers):
- discussion with = consulting
- Explanation: the speaker refers to what businesses do nowadays before making business decisions, and consulting customers is one thing that businesses now do more often. The answer is customers.
35. Answer: regulation/regulations
- Here’s what the speaker says: “Another influence is that concerns about the environment will force manufacturers to extend product lifecycles, to reduce the amount of pollution and waste. And, in some cases, regulation will need to be strengthened.”
- Explanation: another external influence is then mentioned by the speaker. Concerns about the environment will lead to some changes by manufacturers, and governments may need to strengthen regulations. The answer is regulation/regulations.
36. Answer: projects
- Here’s what the speaker says: “Many societies are much more fluid and democratic, and the structure of companies is going to reflect that. I think we’re going to see a greater emphasis within companies on teams created with a specific project in mind.”
- Here are the key words that help you to get the correct answer (project):
- formed = created
- particular = specific
- Explanation: the speaker now refers to the structure of companies. More teams within companies will be formed to work on particular/specific projects. The answer is projects.
37. Answer: flexible
- Here’s what the speaker says: “…businesses are having to compete for staff instead of being able to choose among a lot of applicants. Typical examples that will attract and retain staff are traditional ones like flexible working hours and……remote working, with people based at their home, abroad, or almost anywhere they choose.”
- Explanation: in order to attract staff, businesses may have to offer attractive conditions, such as working hours that are flexible. The answer is flexible.
38. Answer: leadership
- Here’s what the speaker says: “Management styles will almost certainly continue to change. Senior managers will require a lot more than the efficiency that they’ve always needed. Above all they’ll need great skills in leadership…”
- Explanation: the speaker now talks about management styles. Senior managers have always needed to be efficient. They will also need to have skills in leadership. The answer is leadership.
39. Answer: women
- Here’s what the speaker says: “In most of the world, the senior managers of large businesses are mainly men in their fifties and sixties. The predominant style of management will almost certainly become more consultative and collaborative, caused above all by more women moving into senior management positions.”
- Here are the key words that help you to get the correct answer (women):
- roles = positions
- Explanation: future styles of management will change – there will be more consultation and working together (collaboration). The reason for this change will be more women working in management positions. The answer is women.
40. Answer: self-employed
- Here’s what the speaker says: “Instead, more and more people are becoming self-employed, to gain the freedom and control over their lives that they’re unlikely to get from being employed”
- Explanation: talking about ‘developments in the wider economy’, the speaker refers to the trend for more people to become self-employed. This means that they do not work for an employer, they work for themselves. The answer is self-employed.
