Reading Passage 1: Questions 1-13
The headline of the passage: Henry Moore (1898-1986)
Questions 1-7: TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN
[In this type of question, candidates are asked to find out whether:
The statement in the question agrees with the information in the passage – TRUE
The statement in the question contradicts with the information in the passage – FALSE
If there is no information on this – NOT GIVEN
For this type of question, you can divide each statement into three independent pieces and make your way through with the answer.]
Question no. 1: On leaving school, Moore did what his father wanted him to do.
Keywords for the question: leaving school, Moore did, his father wanted,
In paragraph no. 1, take a look at lines 4-5, “ .. . . After leaving school, Moore hoped to become a sculptor, but instead, he complied with his father’s wish that he train as a schoolteacher. . . .”
Here, After leaving school = On leaving school, he complied with his father’s wish = Moore did what his father wanted him to do,
So, the answer is: TRUE
Question no. 2: Moore began studying sculpture in his first term at the Leeds School of Art.
Keywords for the question: began studying sculpture, first term, the Leeds School of Art,
The answer is found in the first two lines of paragraph no. 2. The author says here, “After the war, Moore enrolled at the Leeds School of Art, where he studied for two years. In his first year, he spent most of his time drawing. . .”
This means Moore didn’t study sculpture in his first year at the Leeds School of Art; he studied drawing.
So, the answer is: FALSE
Question no. 3: When Moore started at the Royal College of Art, its reputation for teaching sculpture was excellent.
Keywords for the question: Royal College of Art, its reputation, teaching sculpture, excellent,
Paragraph no. 2 and 3 talk about the time Moore studied at the Royal College of Art. However, there is no mention of the College’s reputation for teaching sculpture.
So, the answer is: NOT GIVEN
Question no. 4: Moore became aware of ancient sculpture as a result of visiting London museums.
Keywords for the question: became aware, ancient sculpture, visiting London museums,
The answer is found in paragraph no. 3. The writer says in lines 1-3, “Alongside the instruction he received at the Royal College, Moore visited many of London museums, particularly the British Museum, which had a wide-ranging collection of ancient sculpture. During these visits, he discovered the power and beauty of ancient Egyptian and African sculpture. . . .”
Here, he discovered the power and beauty of ancient Egyptian and African sculpture = Moore became aware of ancient sculpture,
So, the answer is: TRUE
Question no. 5: The Trocadero Museum’s Mayan sculpture attracted a lot of public interest.
Keywords for the question: Trocadero Museum’s, Mayan sculpture, attracted, a lot of, public interest,
Again, paragraph no. 4 talks about the Trocadero Museum’s Mayan sculpture, but it doesn’t mention anything about public interest.
So, the answer is: NOT GIVEN
Question no. 6: Moore thought the Mayan sculpture was similar in certain respects to other stone sculpture.
Keywords for the question: Moore thought, Mayan sculpture, similar, certain respects, other stone sculpture,
In paragraph no. 4, lines 4-5 say, “ .. . . Moore became fascinated with this stone sculpture, which he thought had a power and originality that no other stone sculpture possessed. . .. .”
Here, no other stone sculpture possessed = the Mayan sculpture was NOT similar in certain respects to other stone sculpture,
So, the answer is: FALSE
Question no. 7: The artists who belonged to Unit One wanted to make modern art and architecture more popular.
Keywords for the question: the artists, belonged to Unit One, wanted, make modern art, architecture, more popular,
The answer to this question can be found in paragraph no. 5. Here, the writer says in lines 2-4, “ . .. he became a member of a group of young artists called Unit One. The aim of the group was to convince the English public of the merits of the emerging international movement in modern art and architecture.”
The lines suggest the aim of Unit One was to make modern art and architecture more popular.
So, the answer is: TRUE
Questions 8-13: Completing notes
[In this type of question, candidates are asked to complete different notes with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage. Keywords are important to find answers correctly. Generally, this type of question maintains a sequence. However, we should not be surprised if the sequence is not maintained. Find the keywords in the passage and you are most likely to find the answers.]
Title of the notes: Moore’s career as an artist
Question no. 8: Moore is urged to offer his _________ and leave the Royal College
Keywords for the question: 1930s, Moore, urged to offer, leave, the Royal College,
In paragraph no. 6, the author of the text says in lines 2-6, “.. .. . In 1931, he held an exhibition at the Leicester Galleries in London. His work was enthusiastically welcomed by fellow sculptors, but the reviews in the press were extremely negative and turned Moore into a notorious figure. There were calls for his resignation from the Royal College, and the following year, when his contract expired, he left to start a sculpture department at the Chelsea School of Art in London.”
Here, 1931 & the following year = 1930s, There were calls for = Moore is urged to offer, he left = leave the Royal College,
So, the answer is: resignation
Question no. 9: Moore turns to drawing because _________ for sculpting are not readily available
Keywords for the question: 1940s, Moore, turn to drawing, because, sculpting, not readily available,
The answer can be found in paragraph no. 8, in lines 1-3. The writer says here, “In 1940, during the Second World War, Moore stopped teaching at the Chelsea School and moved to a farmhouse about 20 miles north of London. A shortage of materials forced him to focus on drawing. . . . .”
Here, 1940 = 1940s, shortage = not readily available, focus on drawing = turns to drawing,
So, the answer is: materials
Question no. 10: While visiting his hometown, Moore does some drawings of _________
Keywords for the question: 1940s, while visiting, hometown, Moore does, some drawings,
The last lines of paragraph no. 8 say, “. . . . In 1942, he returned to Castleford to make a series of sketches of the miners who worked there.”
Here, 1942 = 1940s, returned to Castleford = visiting his hometown, a series of sketches = some drawings,
So, the answer is: miners
Question no. 11: Moore is employed to produce a sculpture of a _________
Keywords for the question: 1940s, employed, to produce, sculpture of,
In the first lines of paragraph no. 9 the writer states, “In 1944, Harlow, a town near London, offered Moore a commission for a sculpture depicting a family. . .. .”
Here, 1944 = 1940s, offered Moore a commission = Moore is employed, for a sculpture depicting = to produce a sculpture of,
So, the answer is: family
Question no. 12: _______ start to buy Moore’s work
Keywords for the question: 1940s, start to buy, Moor’s work,
In line no. 5 of paragraph no. 9, the author of the text writes, “ . .. In this way, Moore’s work became available to collectors all over the world. .. .”
Here, became available to collectors = collectors start to buy,
So, the answer is: collectors
Reading Passage 2: Questions 14-26
The title of the passage: The Desolenator: producing clean water
Questions 14-20: List of headings
[In this question type, IELTS candidates are provided with a list of headings, usually identified with lower-case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, etc,). A heading will refer to the main idea of the paragraph or section of the text. Candidates must find out the equivalent heading to the correct paragraphs or sections, which are marked with alphabets A, B, C, and so forth. Candidates need to write the appropriate Roman numerals in the boxes on their answer sheets. There will always be two or three more headings than there are paragraphs or sections. So, some of the headings will not be used. It is also likely that some paragraphs or sections may not be included in the task. Generally, the first paragraph is an example paragraph that will be done for the candidates for their understanding of the task.
TIPS: Don’t read the list of headings first. Go straight to the question. Skimming is the best reading technique. You need not understand every word here. Just try to gather the gist of the sentences. That’s all. Read quickly and don’t stop until you finish each sentence.]
Question no. 14: Section A
We have to skim this section to find the answer to this question.
At the beginning of Section A, the writer says, “Travelling around Thailand in the 1990s, William Janssen was impressed with the basic rooftop solar heating systems that were on many homes, . . . .”
This part of the text suggests that Janssen got his initial inspiration from Thailand in the 1990s.
Then, in the last few lines of the section, the writer says, “ . . .. Two decades later Janssen developed that basic idea he saw in Southeast Asia into a portable device that uses the power from the sun to purify water.”
This part of the text suggests that Janssen was able to make a device (new product) to purify water from his inspiration earned in Thailand after twenty years.
So, the answer is: iii (From initial inspiration to new product)
Question no. 15: Section B
The answer lies in the very first lines of section B. The writer says here, “The Desolenator operates as a mobile desalination unit that can take water from different places, such as the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain, and purify it for human consumption. . . .”
Here, different places, such as the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain = a range of sources, purify = cleaning water,
So, the answer is: vi (Cleaning water from a range of sources)
Question no. 16: Section C
In section C, take a close look at lines 2-3, as the author of the text writes here, “ . .. Its main selling point is that unlike standard desalination techniques, it doesn’t require a generated power supply: just sunlight. . ..”
Here, unlike standard desalination techniques = What makes the device different from alternatives,
So, the answer is: v (What makes the device different from alternatives)
Question no. 17: Section D
The first lines of the section give us the answer. The writer says, “A recent analysis found that at least two-thirds of the world’s population lives with severe water scarcity for at least a month every year. . . .”
Here, at least two-thirds of the world’s population = the number of people, severe water scarcity = water shortages,
So, the answer is: x (The number of people affected by water shortages)
Question no. 18: Section E
Again, the first lines provide the answer to this question. In Section E, the writer says in the beginning, “The device is aimed at a wide variety of users – from homeowners in the developing world who do not have a constant supply of water to people living off grid in rural parts of the US. .. .. ..”
Here, a wide variety of users = The range of potential customers,
So, the answer is: iv (The range of potential customers for the device)
Question no. 19: Section F
In this section, the answer is found in the comment made by Janssen, as he describes the mission (primary goal) of the project. In lines 3-6, the author writes, as Janssen says, “ . .. . said Janssen, ‘We are a venture with a social mission. We are aware that the product we have envisioned is mainly finding application in the developing world and humanitarian sector and that this is way we will proceed. . . ..”
Here, a social mission = non-profit/voluntary/ charitable goal,
So, the answer is: viii (Profit not the primary goal)
Question no. 20: Section G
The second line of the text give the answer, as the writer says here, “ . .. .. It has raised £340,000 in funding so far. .. . ..”
Here, funding = finance,
So, the answer is: i (Getting the finance for production)
Questions 21-26: Summary completion
[In this kind of question candidates are given a summary for one, two, or three paragraphs with some fill in the blanks questions. Candidates need to find out the related paragraphs by correctly studying the keywords from the questions. Then, they should follow the steps of finding answers to fill in the gaps.]
The headline of the summary: How the Desolenator works
The headline indicates that all the answers can be found in section C.
Question no. 21: The energy required to operate the Desolenator comes from sunlight. The device can be used in different locations, as it has ________ .
Keywords for the question: energy, operate, the Desolenator, sunlight, device, can be used, different locations, as,
In section C, where the writer describes how this device works, let’s take a look at line no. 4, “ .. . It measures 120 cm by 90 cm, and is easy to transport, thanks to its two wheels. . . .”
Here, easy to transport = the device can be used in different locations,
So, the answer is: wheels
Question no. 22: Water is fed into a pipe, and a ________ of water flows over a solar panel.
Keywords for the question: water, fed into, pipe, flows over, solar panel,
In lines 5-6 of section C, the writer explains, “. . . Water enters through a pipe, and flows as a thin film, between a sheet of double glazing and the surface of a solar panel, where it is heated by the sun. .. ..”
Here, Water enters through a pipe = Water is fed into a pipe, the surface of a solar panel = over a solar panel,
So, the answer is: film
Question no. 23: The water then enters a boiler, where it turns into steam. Any particles in the water are caught in a ________.
Keywords for the question: boiler, turns into, steam, any particles, in, water, caught in,
In lines 6-9 of section C, the writer continues to explain, “. . . . The warm water flows into a small boiler (heated by a solar-powered battery) where it is converted to steam. When the steam cools, it becomes distilled water. The device has a very simple filter to trap particles, . .. .”
Here, The warm water flows into a small boiler = The water then enters a boiler, where it is converted to steam = where it turns into steam, trap = caught in,
So, the answer is: filter
Question no. 24: The purified water comes out through one tube, and all types of _______ come out through another.
Keywords for the question: purified water, comes out, through, one tube, all types of, come out, through, another,
The answer to this question can be found lines 9-11, “ . .. There are two tubes for liquid coming out: one for the waste – salt from seawater, fluoride, etc. – another for the distilled water. . ..”
Here, the distilled water = the purified water, and, salt from seawater, fluoride, etc = all types of waste,
So, the answer is: waste
Questions no. 25: A screen displays the ________ of the device, . . . .. .
Keywords for the question: screen, displays, of the device,
In lines 11-12, the author describes, “ . . .The performance of the unit is shown on an LCD screen . . …”
Here, an LCD screen = a screen, is shown = displays,
So, the answer is: performance
Questions no. 26: . .. . and transmits the information to the company so that they know when the Desolenator requires __________.
Keywords for the question: transmits, information, to the company, so that, know, when, the Desolenator, requires,
The last line of section C says, “ . . . and transmitted to the company which provides servicing when necessary.”
Here, transmitted to the company = transmits the information to the company, when necessary = when the Desolenator requires,
So, the answer is: servicing
Reading Passage 2: Questions 14-26
The title of the passage: The Desolenator: producing clean water
Questions 14-20: List of headings
[In this question type, IELTS candidates are provided with a list of headings, usually identified with lower-case Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, etc,). A heading will refer to the main idea of the paragraph or section of the text. Candidates must find out the equivalent heading to the correct paragraphs or sections, which are marked with alphabets A, B, C, and so forth. Candidates need to write the appropriate Roman numerals in the boxes on their answer sheets. There will always be two or three more headings than there are paragraphs or sections. So, some of the headings will not be used. It is also likely that some paragraphs or sections may not be included in the task. Generally, the first paragraph is an example paragraph that will be done for the candidates for their understanding of the task.
TIPS: Don’t read the list of headings first. Go straight to the question. Skimming is the best reading technique. You need not understand every word here. Just try to gather the gist of the sentences. That’s all. Read quickly and don’t stop until you finish each sentence.]
Question no. 14: Section A
We have to skim this section to find the answer to this question.
At the beginning of Section A, the writer says, “Travelling around Thailand in the 1990s, William Janssen was impressed with the basic rooftop solar heating systems that were on many homes, . . . .”
This part of the text suggests that Janssen got his initial inspiration from Thailand in the 1990s.
Then, in the last few lines of the section, the writer says, “ . . .. Two decades later Janssen developed that basic idea he saw in Southeast Asia into a portable device that uses the power from the sun to purify water.”
This part of the text suggests that Janssen was able to make a device (new product) to purify water from his inspiration earned in Thailand after twenty years.
So, the answer is: iii (From initial inspiration to new product)
Question no. 15: Section B
The answer lies in the very first lines of section B. The writer says here, “The Desolenator operates as a mobile desalination unit that can take water from different places, such as the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain, and purify it for human consumption. . . .”
Here, different places, such as the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain = a range of sources, purify = cleaning water,
So, the answer is: vi (Cleaning water from a range of sources)
Question no. 16: Section C
In section C, take a close look at lines 2-3, as the author of the text writes here, “ . .. Its main selling point is that unlike standard desalination techniques, it doesn’t require a generated power supply: just sunlight. . ..”
Here, unlike standard desalination techniques = What makes the device different from alternatives,
So, the answer is: v (What makes the device different from alternatives)
Question no. 17: Section D
The first lines of the section give us the answer. The writer says, “A recent analysis found that at least two-thirds of the world’s population lives with severe water scarcity for at least a month every year. . . .”
Here, at least two-thirds of the world’s population = the number of people, severe water scarcity = water shortages,
So, the answer is: x (The number of people affected by water shortages)
Question no. 18: Section E
Again, the first lines provide the answer to this question. In Section E, the writer says in the beginning, “The device is aimed at a wide variety of users – from homeowners in the developing world who do not have a constant supply of water to people living off grid in rural parts of the US. .. .. ..”
Here, a wide variety of users = The range of potential customers,
So, the answer is: iv (The range of potential customers for the device)
Question no. 19: Section F
In this section, the answer is found in the comment made by Janssen, as he describes the mission (primary goal) of the project. In lines 3-6, the author writes, as Janssen says, “ . .. . said Janssen, ‘We are a venture with a social mission. We are aware that the product we have envisioned is mainly finding application in the developing world and humanitarian sector and that this is way we will proceed. . . ..”
Here, a social mission = non-profit/voluntary/ charitable goal,
So, the answer is: viii (Profit not the primary goal)
Question no. 20: Section G
The second line of the text give the answer, as the writer says here, “ . .. .. It has raised £340,000 in funding so far. .. . ..”
Here, funding = finance,
So, the answer is: i (Getting the finance for production)
Questions 21-26: Summary completion
[In this kind of question candidates are given a summary for one, two, or three paragraphs with some fill in the blanks questions. Candidates need to find out the related paragraphs by correctly studying the keywords from the questions. Then, they should follow the steps of finding answers to fill in the gaps.]
The headline of the summary: How the Desolenator works
The headline indicates that all the answers can be found in section C.
Question no. 21: The energy required to operate the Desolenator comes from sunlight. The device can be used in different locations, as it has ________ .
Keywords for the question: energy, operate, the Desolenator, sunlight, device, can be used, different locations, as,
In section C, where the writer describes how this device works, let’s take a look at line no. 4, “ .. . It measures 120 cm by 90 cm, and is easy to transport, thanks to its two wheels. . . .”
Here, easy to transport = the device can be used in different locations,
So, the answer is: wheels
Question no. 22: Water is fed into a pipe, and a ________ of water flows over a solar panel.
Keywords for the question: water, fed into, pipe, flows over, solar panel,
In lines 5-6 of section C, the writer explains, “. . . Water enters through a pipe, and flows as a thin film, between a sheet of double glazing and the surface of a solar panel, where it is heated by the sun. .. ..”
Here, Water enters through a pipe = Water is fed into a pipe, the surface of a solar panel = over a solar panel,
So, the answer is: film
Question no. 23: The water then enters a boiler, where it turns into steam. Any particles in the water are caught in a ________.
Keywords for the question: boiler, turns into, steam, any particles, in, water, caught in,
In lines 6-9 of section C, the writer continues to explain, “. . . . The warm water flows into a small boiler (heated by a solar-powered battery) where it is converted to steam. When the steam cools, it becomes distilled water. The device has a very simple filter to trap particles, . .. .”
Here, The warm water flows into a small boiler = The water then enters a boiler, where it is converted to steam = where it turns into steam, trap = caught in,
So, the answer is: filter
Question no. 24: The purified water comes out through one tube, and all types of _______ come out through another.
Keywords for the question: purified water, comes out, through, one tube, all types of, come out, through, another,
The answer to this question can be found lines 9-11, “ . .. There are two tubes for liquid coming out: one for the waste – salt from seawater, fluoride, etc. – another for the distilled water. . ..”
Here, the distilled water = the purified water, and, salt from seawater, fluoride, etc = all types of waste,
So, the answer is: waste
Questions no. 25: A screen displays the ________ of the device, . . . .. .
Keywords for the question: screen, displays, of the device,
In lines 11-12, the author describes, “ . . .The performance of the unit is shown on an LCD screen . . …”
Here, an LCD screen = a screen, is shown = displays,
So, the answer is: performance
Questions no. 26: . .. . and transmits the information to the company so that they know when the Desolenator requires __________.
Keywords for the question: transmits, information, to the company, so that, know, when, the Desolenator, requires,
The last line of section C says, “ . . . and transmitted to the company which provides servicing when necessary.”
Here, transmitted to the company = transmits the information to the company, when necessary = when the Desolenator requires,
So, the answer is: servicing