SECTION 1
1. Answer: £850
Be careful. The woman first mentions £850, but then she gives the upper limit for the rent – £900. You may get confused by the two numbers but £850 is the average amount of money people pay (“what people typically pay”) for accommodation.
The answer is 850.
2. Answer: bike/bicycle
LINDA: Well, I’m very lucky. I work in the city centre so I don’t have to use public transport. I go by bike.
The woman says that she goes to work by bike, and she does not use public transport.
The answer is bike/bicycle.
3. Answer: parking
LINDA: Anyway, driving to work in the city centre would be a nightmare because there’s hardly any parking. And the traffic during the rush hour can be bad.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (parking):
limited = hardly any.
The woman says that in the city centre there is “hardly any” (limited) parking.
The answer is parking.
4. Answer: 30/thirty
LINDA: Getting to London is no problem. There’s a fast train every 30minutes which only takes 45 minutes.
Explanation:
There are two numbers mentioned. 30 minutes is the train frequency, while 45 minutes is the length of the journey. In this question, we need to fill in the information of the train frequency, not how long the journey takes.
The answer is 30/thirty.
5. Answer: weekend/weekends
LINDA: Yeah, the train service isn’t bad during the week. And they run quite late at night. It’s weekends that are a problem. There’s always engineering work and you have to take a bus to Hadham and pick up the train there, which is really slow…
Explanation:
The woman explains that the train service is OK during the week and at night. However, at weekends there are problems. The service is poor because of engineering work.
The answer is weekend/weekends
6. Answer: cinema
LINDA: There are some nice restaurants in the city center and a brand new cinema, which has only been open a couple of months. There’s a good arts center too.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (cinema):
New = brand new
Explanation:
Talking about the advantages of living in Branford, the woman mentions the nice restaurants and the arts center, and also the new cinema, which “opened recently (“which has only been open a couple of months”).
The answer is cinema.
7. Answer: hospital
LINDA: We’re really lucky. There are lots of really good aspects to living here. The schools are good and the hospital here is one of the best in the country. Everyone I know who’s been there’s had a positive experience.
Explanation:
Another advantage of living in Branford is the hospital (“one of the best in the country”). She says that everyone has a positive opinion of going there, which means that it has an excellent reputation.
The answer is hospital.
8. Answer: dentist
LINDA: …Oh, I can give you the name of my dentist too in Bridge Street, if you’re interested. I’ve been going to him for years and I’ve never had any problems.
Explanation:
Linda recommends her dentist in Bridge Street to Matt. She thinks that the dentist is good, because she has gone to him “for years and I’ve never had any problems”.
The answer is dentist.
9. Answer: Thursday
LINDA: I could meet you if you like and show you around.
MATT: Are you sure? We’d really appreciate that.
LINDA: Either a Tuesday or Thursday is good for me, after 5.30 pm.
MATT: Thursday’s preferable – Tuesday I need to get home before 6 pm.
LINDA: OK. Great…
Explanation:
Linda can meet Matt on Tuesday, or Thursday after 5.30 pm, but Matt says “Tuesday I need to get home before 6 pm”. They therefore agree to meet on Thursday.
The answer is Thursday.
10. Answer: café
LINDA: OK. Great! Let me know which train you’re catching and I’ll meet you in the café outside. You can’t miss it. It’s opposite the station and next to the museum.
Explanation:
Linda arranges to meet Matt in the café opposite the station.
The answer is café.
SECTION 2
11. Answer: F
– “The first question to ask yourself is whether you would enjoy training in a gym. Many people are put off by the idea of having to fit a visit to the gym into their busy day… But with regular training, you’ll see a big difference in a relatively short space of time.”
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (F):
Using a gym = training in a gym
Fast results = a big difference in a relatively short space of time
Explanation:
The speaker says that, although gyms can get very crowded, if you go regularly, you will see a big difference to your fitness in a short time – in other words, you will achieve fast results.
The answer is F.
12. Answer: D
– “Running has become incredibly popular in recent years. That’s probably got a lot to do with the fact that it’s a very accessible form of exercise. Anyone can run even if you only run a few meters to begin with…”
Explanation:
The speaker says that “anyone can run even if you only run a few meters to begin with”, indicating that fitness level is not important when it comes to running. This is the reason why she describes running as a “very accessible form of exercise”.
The answer is D.
13. Answer: A
– “Swimming is another really good way to build fitness. What attracts many people is that you can swim in an indoor pool at any time of year.”
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (A):
not dependent on season = at any time of year
Explanation:
The speaker says that one big advantage of swimming is that you can go to an indoor pool at any time of year, which means that you don’t have to depend on seasonal good weather.
The answer is A.
14. Answer: B
– “Cycling has become almost as popular as running in recent years. That’s probably because as well as improving their fitness, many people say being out in the fresh air in the park or in the countryside can be fun.”
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (B):
enjoyable = fun
Explanation:
The speaker says that one reason for the popularity of cycling is the enjoyment and fun of “being out in the fresh air”, in the park or countryside.
The answer is B
15. Answer: C
– “Yoga is a good choice for those of you looking for exercise which focuses on developing both a healthy mind and body. It’s a good way of building strength and,with the right instructor, there’s less chance of hurting yourself than with other more active sports.”
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (C):
low risk of injury = less chance of hurting yourself
Explanation:
The speaker says that, although yoga is challenging,with a good instructor you’re not very likely to be injured compared with other more active sports.
The answer is C
16. Answer: G
– “Getting a personal trainer is a good way to start your fitness program. Obviously there can be significant costs involved. But if you’ve got someone there to encourage you and help you achieve your goals, you’re less likely to give up.”
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (G):
motivating = encourage
Explanation:
The speaker says training with a personal trainer can be encouraging and will “help you achieve your goals”. So, the advantage of getting a personal trainer is that it can be motivating.
The answer is G.
17-18. Answer: B. loss of confidence, C. too much effort required
– I don’t think people certainly stop caring about improving their fitness or decide they have more important things to do. I think people lose interest when they don’t think they’re making enough progress. That’s when they give up hope and stop believing they’ll ever achieve their goals. Also, what people sometimes don’t realize when they start is that it takes a lot of determination and hard work to keep training week after week, and lots of people don’t have that kind of commitment.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answers (B, C):
loss of confidence = stop believing
too much effort = a lot of determination and hard work
Explanation:
The speaker says she doesn’t think that people “stop caring about improving their fitness or decide they have more important things to do”, so choice A. lack of time is incorrect. High cost is not cited as a reason for giving up, so choice D is wrong. There is no information about how successful they are compared with others; hence E is incorrect as well.
According to the speaker, people give up because they don’t see much progress and stop believing they’ll achieve their goals, in other words, they lose their confidence in their health goals, so B is correct. The other reason mentioned is the significant amount of effort required to reach fitness goals. The speaker thinks many people simply aren’t determined or work hard enough to see the results, and consequently they quit going to the gym. So C is correct.
The correct answers are B and C.
19-20. Answer: B. have achievable aims, D. give yourself rewards
– One thing you can do to help yourself is to set manageable goals. Be realistic and don’t push yourself too far. Some people advise writing goals down but I think it’s better to have a flexible approach. Give yourself a really nice treat every time you reach one of your goals. And don’t get too upset if you experience setbacks.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answers (B, D):
achievable = manageable
aims = goals
rewards = a really nice treat
Explanation:
The speaker does not think you should write down your goals or that “you should push yourself too far” (challenge yourself), so A and E are incorrect. She does not mention setting a time limit, so C is also incorrect.
The speaker advises people to “set manageable goals” or “achievable aims” and “give yourself a really nice treat every time you reach one of your goals”.
So B and D are correct answers.
SECTION 3
21. Answer: C. carpets he saw on holiday
TUTOR: Why did you choose that topic?
JIM: Well, I got a lot of useful ideas from the museum, you know, at that exhibition of textiles. But I’ve always been interested in anything to do with colour. Years ago, I went to a carpet shop with my parents when we were on holiday in Turkey, and I remember all the amazing colours.
TUTOR: They might not all have been natural dyes.
JIM: Maybe not, but for the project I decided to follow it up. And I found a great book about a botanic garden in California that specializes in plants used for dyes.
Explanation:
Although Jim talks about the textile exhibition at the museum and the book about a botanic garden, the question is about what first inspired him to choose the project. This was something which he saw “years ago” on holiday with his parents in a carpet shop.
Therefore, the answer is C.
22. Answer: A. using a range of dyes with different fibres
TUTOR: OK. So, in your project, you had to include a practical investigation.
JIM: Yeah. At first I couldn’t decide on my variables. I was going to just look at one type of fibre for example, like cotton…
TUTOR: …and see how different types of dyes affected it?
JIM: Yeah. Then I decided to include others as well, so I looked at cotton and wool and nylon.
TUTOR: With just one type of dye?
JIM: Various types, including some that weren’t natural for comparison.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (A):
a range of = various types
Explanation:
At first, Jim planned to test one type of fibre (eg. cotton) with a range of dyes (choice B). Then he decided to test different types of fibres (cotton, wool and nylon), using a range of dyes (choice A).
The answer is A.
24. Answer: A. how much natural material was needed to make the dye
JIM: So, I did the experiments last week. I used some ready-made natural dyes, I found a website which supplied them, they came in just a few days, but I also made some of my own.
TUTOR: That must have taken quite a bit of time.
JIM: Yes, I’d thought it’d be just a matter of teaspoon or so of dye, and actually that wasn’t the case at all. Like I was using one vegetable, beetroot, for a red dye, and I had to chop up a whole pile of it. So it all took longer than I’d expected.
Explanation:
Although he used some dyes he found on an internet website, this was not the reason why Jim was surprised. When he made some of his own dyes, he was surprised how much natural material (eg. beetroot) he needed to make the dye – he had to prepare a lot (a whole pile) of it.
Therefore, the answer is A.
25. Answer: C
TUTOR: So what natural dyes did you look at?
JIM: Well, one was turmeric. The colour’s great, it’s a really strong yellow. It’s generally used in dishes like curry.
TUTOR: It’s meant to be quite good for your health when eaten, but you might find it’s not permanent when it’s used as a dye – a few washes, and it’s gone.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (C):
not long-lasting = not permanent
Explanation:
The tutor says that turmeric is not a long-lasting dye (“not permanent”, “a few washes, and it’s gone”).
The answer is, therefore, C.
26. Answer: F
JIM: Right. I used beetroot as a dye for wool. When I chop up beetroot to eat, I always end up with bright red hands, but the wool ended up just a sort of watery cream shade. Disappointing.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (F):
unexpected = disappointing
colour = shade
Explanation:
Jim says although, when cooking, beetroot has a strong colour (“I always end up with bright red hands”), it is not a good dye since it just produces a “watery cream shade” when applied to wool. So, the colour when used as a dye is unexpected – and disappointing.
The answer is F.
27. Answer: H
TUTOR: There’s a natural dye called Tyrian purple. Have you heard of that?
JIM: Yes. It comes from a shellfish, and it was worn in ancient times but only by important people as it was so rare. I didn’t use it.
TUTOR: It fell out of use centuries ago, though one researcher managed to get hold of some recently…
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (H):
not generally available = rare = fell out of use
Explanation:
The dye Tyrian purple is so rare that in the past only a few important people used it. This is why Jim didn’t use it. The tutor explains that it “fell out of use” (= people stopped using it) hundreds of years ago. One researcher did manage to get some recently, but it is not generally available.
The answer is H.
28. Answer: D
JIM: Logwood. That was quite complicated. I had to prepare the fabric so the dye would take.
TUTOR: I hope you were careful to wear gloves.
JIM: Yes. I know the danger with that dye.
TUTOR: Good. It can be extremely dangerous if it’s ingested.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (D):
very poisonous = extremely dangerous if it’s ingested
Explanation:
The tutor says logwood should be treated with care when used as a dye because it is poisonous (“extremely dangerous if it’s ingested”). If you ingest something, you take it into your body – usually by swallowing it, but also possibly through your skin. So, Jim used gloves to handle the logwood.
The answer is D.
29. Answer: A
TUTOR: …Now, presumably, you had a look at an insect-based dye? Like cochineal, for example?
JIM: Yes. I didn’t actually make that. I didn’t have time to start crushing up insects to get the red colour and anyway they’re not available here, but I managed to get the dye quite easily from a website. But it cost a fortune.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (A):
expensive = cost a fortune
Explanation:
Jim says cochineal “cost a fortune”, this means it is expensive.
The answer is A.
30. Answer: E
JIM: I also read about using metal oxide. Apparently, you can allow iron to rust while it’s in contact with the fabric, and that colours it.
TUTOR: Yes, that works well for dying cotton. But you have to be careful as the metal can actually affect the fabric and so you can’t expect to get a lot of wear out of fabrics treated in this way.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (E):
damage the fabric = affect the fabric
Explanation:
The tutor advises Jim to be careful with metal oxide as “metal can actually affect the fabric”, or in other words, metal oxide can do damage to the fabric.
Therefore, the answer is E.
SECTION 4
31. Answer: tongue(s)
– Unlike European lizards, which are mostly small, green and fast-moving, sleepy lizards are brown, but what’s particularly distinctive about them is the colour of the tongue, which is dark blue, in contrast with the lining of their mouth which is bright pink.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (tongue):
recognisable = particularly distinctive
Explanation:
The speaker says sleepy lizards are easily identifiable by their dark blue tongue.
So, the answer is tongue(s).
32. Answer: plants
– They have quite a varied diet, including insects and even small animals, but they mostly eat plants of varying kinds.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (plants):
mainly = mostly
Explanation:
The speaker says “they mostly eat plants of varying kinds”, this means their diet consists mainly of plants.
The answer is plants.
33. Answer: snakes
– Even though they’re quite large and powerful, with strong jaws that can crush beetles and snail shells, they still have quite a few predators. Large birds like cassowaries were one of the main ones in the past, but nowadays they’re more likely to be caught and killed by snakes.
Explanation:
The speaker says that in the past, large birds were one of the main predators, but now they are more commonly killed by snakes.
The answer is snakes.
34. Answer: sky
– … And he found that even if they were taken some distance away from their home territory, they could usually find their way back home as long as they could see the sky – they didn’t need any other landmarks on the ground.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (sky):
navigate = find their way
Explanation:
One study showed that lizards could navigate using the sky to find their way back home. They did not need any other aids to navigation.
The answer is sky.
35. Answer: partner(s)
– Observations of these lizards in the wild have also revealed that their mating habits are quite unusual. Unlike most animals, it seems that they’re relatively monogamous, returning to the same partner year after year.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (partner):
keep the same partner = monogamous/returning to the same partner
for several years = year after year
Explanation:
Talking about the mating habits of these lizards, the speaker says that they return to the same partner year after year (=monogamous).
Therefore, the answer is partner(s)
36. Answer: contact
– It could be that it’s to do with protecting their young – you’d expect them to have a much better chance of survival if they have both parents around. But in fact, observers have noted that once the babies have hatched out of their eggs, they have hardly any contact with their parents.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (contact):
little = hardly any
children = young = babies
Explanation:
Observations have shown that after hatching, the young lizards “have hardly any contact with their parents”. In other words, they have little contact with them.
So, the answer must be contact.
37. Answer: protection
– Another suggestion’s based on the observation that male lizards in monogamous relationships tend to be bigger and stronger than other males. So maybe the male lizards stay around so they can give the female lizards protection from other males.
Explanation:
Male lizards may stay with their female partner in order to provide protection from other males.
The answer is protection.
38. Answer: tail(s)
– Finally, I’d like to mention another study that involved collecting data by tracking the lizards… So we caught some lizards in the wild and we developed a tiny GPS system that would allow us to track them, and we fixed this onto their tails.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (tails):
attached = fixed
Explanation:
To carry out the tracking study, a tiny GPS system was used. After some wild lizards were caught, the system was attached to their tails.
The answer is tail(s).
39. Answer: steps
– Then we set the lizards free again, and we were able to track them for twelve days and gather data not just about their location, but even about how many steps they took during this period.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (steps):
provide information on = gather data about
the number of = how many
Explanation:
The speaker says that not only did the tracking system show data on the lizards’ location, but it even enabled the researchers to know the number of steps the animals had taken.
So, the answer must be steps.
40. Answer: injury/injuries
– One surprising thing we discovered from this is that there were far fewer meetings between lizards than we expected – it seems that they were actually trying to avoid one another. So why would that be? Well, again we have no clear evidence, but one hypothesis is that male lizards can cause quite serious injuries to one another, so maybe this avoidance is a way of preventing this – of self- preservation.
Here are some key words that help you to get the correct answer (injuries):
reduce chances = prevent
Explanation:
The speaker explains that the lizards tried to avoid one another, possible because they wanted to avoid serious injuries which sometimes occur as a result of conflicts between male lizards.
So the answer is injury/injuries.